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Friday New Tools Feature: A Different Kind of "Green Tech Revolution"

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It's been a very busy week on the new tools front. On Monday, I wrote about "Social Media and the Iran Protests." On Tuesday, I wrote about how internet users around the world were hacking Iranian government sites, providing mirror proxies for Iranian activists, and even changing their locations to "Tehran" in a move straight out of "Sparticus."

Since then, the new-media blitz in Iran has only continued to accelerate. As foreign reporters leave the country in droves, citizen journalists there are taking matters into their own hands, uploading videos of beatings and shootings to YouTube and giving real-time first-hand accounts and organizing directions on Twitter.

These services, realizing how politically consequential they have now become, responded well to the situation. Twitter, heeding the pleas of many of its users and even the State Department, put off a critical scheduled update that would have interrupted service. YouTube made exceptions to its policy of banning violent material. From the New York Times:

“In general, we do not allow graphic or gratuitous violence on YouTube,” the company said in a statement. “However, we make exceptions for videos that have educational, documentary, or scientific value. The limitations being placed on mainstream media reporting from within Iran make it even more important that citizens in Iran be able to use YouTube to capture their experiences for the world to see.” 

Google, which owns YouTube, also just added Farsi (Persian) to its translator service, stating that they "hope that this tool will improve access to information in Iran and outside." Over half of Google's employees were born in other countries, which may help to explain their particular sensitivity on this issue. Finally, although the Iranian government has blocked Facebook, the social networking service added a Persian version today.

On Twitter, people around the world continue their outpouring of support - #iranelection is still the top topic, and a great deal of Twitter users (myself included) have made their icons green in a show of solidarity. For those that are not photoshop-inclined, you can even change it automatically by visiting helpiranelection.com, which turns your existing icon green (the "friendly web-geek" creator of this app is running this off of his own server at his own expense).

We will see where all of this leads. As I said myself, I don't think that the use of these new tools in and of itself constitutes a "revolution," as some have asserted. But it is very clear that, as the techniques and technologies of power multiply and evolve, so too do the methods of resistance. This organic, horizontal, distributed, and deeply democratic process stands in stark contrast to the autocratic theocracy that is the Iranian government.

Kristof: "Tear Down This Cyberwall!"

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From Nick Kristof's NYTimes column today:

The unrest unfolding in Iran is the quintessential 21st-century conflict. On one side are government thugs firing bullets. On the other side are young protesters firing “tweets.”

The protesters’ arsenal, such as those tweets on Twitter.com, depends on the Internet or other communications channels. So the Iranian government is blocking certain Web sites and evicting foreign reporters or keeping them away from the action.

The push to remove witnesses may be the prelude to a Tehran Tiananmen. Yet a secret Internet lifeline remains, and it’s a tribute to the crazy, globalized world we live in. The lifeline was designed by Chinese computer engineers in America to evade Communist Party censorship of a repressed Chinese spiritual group, the Falun Gong.

Today, it is these Chinese supporters of Falun Gong who are the best hope for Iranians trying to reach blocked sites.

“We don’t have the heart to cut off the Iranians,” said Shiyu Zhou, a computer scientist and leader in the Chinese effort, called the Global Internet Freedom Consortium. “But if our servers overload too much, we may have to cut down the traffic.”

Mr. Zhou said that usage of the consortium’s software has tripled in the last week. It set a record on Wednesday of more than 200 million hits from Iran, representing more than 400,000 people.

If President Obama wants to support democratic movements on a shoestring, he should support an “Internet freedom initiative” pending in Congress. This would include $50 million in the appropriations bill for these censorship-evasion technologies. The 21st-century equivalent of the Berlin wall is a cyberbarrier, and we can help puncture it.

I had more on this yesterday.

More On Iran and the Global Politics of the Mobile Age

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In 2007, Alec Ross and I wrote a paper called A Laptop in Every Backpack, which called for a new national committment in America to give every child a laptop computer.   In that paper he and I write:

A single global communications network, composed of Internet, mobile, SMS, cable and
satellite technology, is rapidly tying the world’s people together as never before. The core
premise of this paper is that the emergence of this network is one of the seminal events
of the early 21st century.  Increasingly, the world’s commerce, finance, communications,
media and information are flowing through this network.  Half of the world’s 6 billion
people are now connected to this network, many through powerful and inexpensive
mobile phones.  Each year more of the world’s people become connected to the network,
its bandwidth increases, and its use becomes more integrated into all that we do. 
 
Connectivity to this network, and the ability to master it once on, has become an
essential part of life in the 21st century, and a key to opportunity, success and
fulfillment for the people of the world. 
 
We believe it should be a core priority of the United States to ensure that all the world’s
people have access to this global network and have the tools to use it for their own life
success. There is no way any longer to imagine free societies without the freedom of
commerce, expression, and community, which this global network can bring.  Bringing
this network to all, keeping it free and open and helping people master its use must be
one of the highest priorities of those in power in the coming years.  

Been thinking a lot about these words these past few days.  Recall that among the first thing the Iranian Government did after the election ended was turn off text messaging, shut down Facebook and radically interrupt internet access.   Today they are attempting to shut down all global reporting from Tehran, and have been blocking Twitter and other sites not already shut off. I know Alec has been thinking about all this too as he is now senior advisor to Secretary Clinton on innovation and all things digital.

What should be the proper reaction of the UN, leading nations, NGOs to the turning off of basic communication services in a nation?  Isn't the ability to use these tools something approaching but not quite a human right of the 21st century, one that should not be denied to any person, anywhere?  Can one any longer imagine the concept of political freedom in a civil society without one's mobile device? Should the UN Secretary be calling on Iran to let reporters report, turn back on the internet, text messages and other web sites and social media?

Whatever one believes about what has and will happen in Iran, it seems like we should all agree that intefering with every day people's use of the modern global communications network should be more roundly condemned by the world's leaders, and the future price for such action should be high.

More on the State Department and Social Media

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The New York Times has a very good account of State and its social media strategy:

The Obama administration says it has tried to avoid words or deeds that could be portrayed as American meddling in Iran’s presidential election and its tumultuous aftermath.

Yet on Monday afternoon, a 27-year-old State Department official, Jared Cohen, e-mailed the social-networking site Twitter with an unusual request: delay scheduled maintenance of its global network, which would have cut off service while Iranians were using Twitter to swap information and inform the outside world about the mushrooming protests around Tehran.

The request, made to a Twitter co-founder, Jack Dorsey, is yet another new-media milestone: the recognition by the United States government that an Internet blogging service that did not exist four years ago has the potential to change history in an ancient Islamic country.

“This was just a call to say: ‘It appears Twitter is playing an important role at a crucial time in Iran. Could you keep it going?’ ” said P.J. Crowley, the assistant secretary of state for public affairs.

Twitter complied with the request, saying in a blog post on Monday that it put off the upgrade until late Tuesday afternoon — 1:30 a.m. Wednesday in Tehran — because its partners recognized “the role Twitter is currently playing as an important communication tool in Iran.” The network was working normally again by Tuesday evening.

The State Department said its request did not amount to meddling. Mr. Cohen, they noted, did not contact Twitter until three days after the vote was held and well after the protests had begun.

“This is completely consistent with our national policy,” Mr. Crowley said. “We are proponents of freedom of expression. Information should be used as a way to promote freedom of expression.”

The episode demonstrates the extent to which the administration views social networking as a new arrow in its diplomatic quiver. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton talks regularly about the power of e-diplomacy, particularly in places where the mass media are repressed.

Mr. Cohen, a Stanford University graduate who is the youngest member of the State Department’s policy planning staff, has been working with Twitter, YouTube, Facebook and other services to harness their reach for diplomatic initiatives in Iraq and elsewhere.

Last month, he organized a visit to Baghdad by Mr. Dorsey and other executives from Silicon Valley and New York’s equivalent, Silicon Alley. They met with Iraq’s deputy prime minister to discuss how to rebuild the country’s information network and to sell the virtues of Twitter.

Referring to Mir Hussein Moussavi, the main Iranian opposition candidate, Mr. Crowley said, “We watched closely how Moussavi has used Facebook to keep his supporters informed of his activities.”

Tehran has been buzzing with tweets, the posts of Twitter subscribers, sharing news on rallies, police crackdowns on protesters, and analysis of how the White House is responding to the drama.

With the authorities blocking text-messaging on cellphones, Twitter has become a handy alternative for information-hungry Iranians. While Iran has also tried to block Twitter posts, Iranians are skilled at using proxy sites or other methods to circumvent the official barriers.

It is a new political day indeed.

Headed for History: Susan Boyle Goes Global In Both New and Old Media Worlds

Vargas has an updated report in this morning's edition. Whether you're joining Boyle's Facebook page or your Mom is checking her Wikkidpedia entry, there's no sign of Boyle's "spreadability" slowing down:

From this morning:

To media observers, the speed and scope of Boyle's online ubiquity is a testament that the marriage between old media (her performance first aired on British television) and new media (it then made its way to YouTube, Twitter and Facebook) is broadening the reach of all media, from one channel to another, from person to person.

"There's a lot of talk about things going 'viral' online. But 'viral' suggests that someone has created a virus and that people are unknowingly transmitting it, as if they had no choice but to carry the virus. But that's not really what's going on with Susan Boyle," said Henry Jenkins, co-director of MIT's Comparative Media Studies program and author of "Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide." After watching Boyle's audition video on Wednesday, he sent an e-mail to a group of friends -- "Take a moment to feel warm and fuzzy," he wrote in the e-mail's subject line -- and logged on to Twitter to alert his 1,798 followers about Boyle.

"What we're really seeing with Susan Boyle in a very powerful way is the power of 'spreadability,' " Jenkins continued. "Consumers in their own online communities are making conscious choices to spread Susan Boyle around online."

If you don't know by now who Susan Boyle is, you'll find out soon enough when you get on Facebook or YouTube. Jose Antonio Vargas has a great summary in today's Washington Post about how the new tools and media have made a 47-year-old unemployed charity worker from a small town in Scottland one of the most famous -- or at least most viewed -- people in the world. If you have been in a cave without your laptop, watch it her here.

NDN has long argued that the new tools and media have forever changed how we communicate, advocate and campaign. As Simon often says, people want to participate. There is a reason "American Idol" is as popular as it is: people can vote. These tools aplly to entertainment as well.

And it's probably no conicidence that Boyle's history-making act occured on a British show similar to "American Idol."

From Vargas' report:

Susan Boyle is headed for the history books.

The online video of Boyle's performance in the reality show "Britain's Got Talent" has set the record for the number of views in a week -- and shows no sign of stopping.

According to Visible Measures, which tracks videos from YouTube, MySpace and other video-sharing sites, Boyle's audition has generated 66.3 million views. On YouTube alone, it's been viewed more than 30 million times. The 7-minute video that was posted on YouTube last Saturday and then widely circulated online easily eclipsed more high-profile videos that have been around for months. Tina Fey's impersonation of Sarah Palin has clocked in 34.2 million views, said the folks at Visible Measures, while President Obama's victory speech on election night has generated 18.5 million views. In less than a week, Boyle topped them.

But it's not just online video where Boyle, the unassuming woman from a tiny Scottish town, has dominated. Over the weekend, her Facebook fan page was flooded with comments, at some points adding hundreds of new members within a minute. The page listed 150,000 members on 1 p.m. Friday. It grew to 850,000 by 6 a.m. Sunday. Her Wikipedia entry has attracted nearly half a million page views since it was created last Sunday.

Indeed, the Internet is her stage, and the 47-year-old who has said she's never heard of YouTube is the Web's hottest entertainer. "She's really the world's singer right now," said Julie Supan, a YouTube spokesperson who in her four years at the company cannot remember a video raking in this many views in such a period of time.

Millennial Makeover On the Road Again in Boston, Cambridge, New York City for Book Tour

NDN's two newest Fellows, Morley Winograd and Mike Hais, are on the road again to talk up the paperback release of their critically acclaimed 2008 book, Millennial Makeover: MySpace, YouTube & the Future of American Politics.

The paperback has a fascinating afterword about the historic 2008 election in which Millennials voted 2:1 for Barack Obama.  

Questions from the 2008 presidential campaign addressed in the new edition include: 

Every 40 years, America experiences a major political makeover during which important new allegiances and behaviors are established by an up and coming large generation. In 2008, it was the first wave of the Millennial Generation, born between 1982 and 2003, which provided the bulk of Barack Obama’s margin and Democratic victories. What are the key attributes of this new generation and how will they impact American society and politics?

The financial system meltdown in September 2008 was characterized by the Wall Street Journal as “the day Wall Street died.” The events of that week also triggered the “millennial makeover” predicted in the first edition of Winograd and Hais' book. Such triggering events usher in a new era in American history marked by profoundly different beliefs on the part of the American public. How will these new realities shape the outlook for investments and the economy in the decades to come?

Web-based social networking technology revolutionized presidential campaigning and fundraising in 2008, displacing television and top down fundraising strategies that have dominated campaigns since the 1960s. What lessons for marketers and brand managers can be drawn from that experience and what will be the future role of traditional advertising and media companies be in the new Millennial World?

Morley and Mike have gotten some great media attention lately, including this op-ed in POLITICO and prominent mention in a special report on national service (Millennials are very civic-oriented) in yesterday's USA TODAY.

Morley and Mike are in Boston and Cambridge today, where they will talk with graduate students at the Kennedy School of Governemnt. Next, they are off to the YouTube and 2008 Election Cycle Conference at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. 

Then it's back to Boston for a full day at Tufts University (Simon's alma mater) and on to New York City, where NDN will be hosting a breakfast forum with Morley and Mike on April 23. If you'd like to come, check for details here.

If you haven't had a chance to pick up Millennial Makeover, you can buy it here. New York Times Pulitzer Prize-winning book critic Michiko Kakutani picked it as one of her top 10 favorite books in 2008, so check it out.

In DC or Dublin? Join NDN March 19 to Celebrate New, Updated Millennial Makeover Release

NDN is excited to invite you to a very special event on Thursday, March 19, for our two newest Fellows, Morley Winograd and Mike Hais, co-authors of the critically acclaimed Millennial Makeover: MySpace, YouTube, & the Future of American Politics, a prophetic book that foresaw how the Millennial Generation, America's newest civic generation, and the new technologies they use so well, would change politics forever.  

Morley and Mike will be at NDN to celebrate the release of the new, updated paperback edition of Millennial Makeover, which includes an exclusive afterword on the historic 2008 elections. Rutgers University Press is officially releasing the book this Sunday, March 15; the NDN forum with the authors in Washington, DC, will be the first official stop on their book tour.

As Morley and Mike wrote in the introduction to their critically acclaimed 2008 book: 

"Each of the five major political realignments in U.S. history has been triggered by a crucial event, such as the Civil War or the Great Depression that then became the subject of extensive examination. But the real driving forces behind this constant and predictable shift in the fortunes of America's political parties and in its political institutions and public policies are underlying changes in generational size and attitudes and contemporaneous advances in communication technologies."

The rest, as they say, is history. Texting, Twittering, social networking Millennials voted for Barack Obama by a more than 2:1 margin, and with tens of millions more Millennials becoming eligible to vote in 2010 and 2012, the GOP could become marginalized for decades to come if they fail to connect with this generation -- the largest American generation ever and a strong replica of the last civic generation, the GI Generation

The special forum with Morley and Mike will start at 12 p.m. Lunch will be served beginning at 11:30 a.m. Seating is limited, so please arrive early to ensure a spot. To RSVP, click here. For more information, including speaker bios and event location, please click here.

For those not able to attend the event here in our offices, be sure to watch it live on our new high-end Webcasting system at www.ndnblog.org/livecast at 12:15 p.m. ET.

In the meantime, if you haven't read the new Millennial Makeover yet, you can buy it here. New York Times Pulitzer Prize-winner critic Michiko Kakutani chose the original book as one of her 10 favorites in 2008, and the new afterword only makes the book even more interesting. Whether you're in DC or around the globe, we look forward to your joining us on March 19.

Obama's Weekly Address Follows More Bad News on Home Sales, Starbucks & Toothpaste

The statistics get almost numbing after awhile:

Sales of new homes in the United States fell to the lowest levels on record.

Americans living on unemployment checks at highest level since tracking started in 1967.

Home foreclosures rose 81 percent in the United States from 2007 to 2008.

Just last week, companies announced they were laying off more than 100,000 people. Caterpillar laid off 20,000; Boeing 10,000; even Starbucks laid off 6,700. Starbucks? How is that possible?

And more bad news this morning: according to the Washington Post, although not as grim as expected, the U.S. economy contracted 3.8 percent. Hey! We're supposed to be going the other way. But hard-pressed consumers are apparently cutting back on even the most basic of items: "Yesterday, Procter & Gamble, the giant consumer products company, cut its profit forecast in a sign that Americans are scrimping even on staples like Crest toothpaste and Tide detergent."

As if he needed more ammunition, President Barack Obama again used his weekly radio/YouTube address to underscore the need to pass his economic recovery and investment proposal. In his address, he hearkened back to several familiar themes: recovery will take years, not months. He will not put up with the excesses or greed of Wall Street or others. Partisan politics is a thing of the past. We must work together to overcome this very serious crisis. Obama's plan now moves to the Senate, where it will undergo changes, but is expected to have a better chance of receiving bipartisan support if his team handles things well.

NDN has long argued for the type of short-term jolt to and long-term investments in our economy that President Obama is arguing for. NDN also has made a strong case that we must aggressively address the root cause of the current financial disaster -- the collapse of the housing mkarket -- by keeping people in their homes. In this weekly address, President Obama does announce that his Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner will be making an announcement about helping people do just that, so stay tuned.

In the meantime, read NDN commentary and papers on the stimulus and how to revive and modernize our economy here. Also check out New York Times' columnist David Leonhardt's thought-provoking piece in tomorrow's Sunday magazine on how to get the economy going again, "The Big Fix." It asks some tough questions. 

And now, watch President Obama's address here:

The Final Presidential Debate: Piping Up on Joe the Plumber

Just who is Joe the Plumber?

Update, Thursday, 7:51 a.m. -- According to Associated Press, Joe the Plumber is "...Joe Wurzelbacher, an Ohio man looking to buy a plumbing business who came to symbolize the notion of 'spreading the wealth' in Wednesday night's third and final presidential debate."

Check out part of the Obama-Joe tax talk here:

Forget U.S. Sens. Barack Obama and John McCain. J the P (JTP) was the star of tonight's presidential debate. Both candidates debated him. Both men addressed him directly through the camera. Who is this new media star? Is he fielding dozens upon dozens of press calls? Is he the new Chauncey Gardener? I had to know. Here is what I found out:

From NBC's Mark Murray

McCain makes the first aggressive move of the evening, bringing up a conversation Obama had with an Ohio plumber. McCain and the right have seized onto this part of the conversation: "I think when you spread the wealth around, it’s good for everybody."

But here's the entire context of the exchange, per NBC/NJ's Athena Jones:

From two days ago, Obama canvassing in Holland, Ohio:
Then a big, bald man with a goatee asks if he believes in the American dream. He tells Obama he’s getting ready to buy a company that makes more than $250,000 a year. “Your new tax plan is going to tax me more, isn’t it?”

Obama tells him he’d get a 50% tax credit – a cut in taxes for health care. “if your revenue is above 250 – then from 250 down, your taxes are going to stay the same. It is true that from 250 up – from 250 – 300 or so, so for that additional amount, you’d go fro 36 to 39%, which is what it was under Bill Clinton. And the reason why we’re doing that is because 95% of small businesses make less than 250. So what I want to do is give them a tax cut. I want to give all these folks who are bus drivers, teachers, auto workers who make less, I want to give them a tax cut. And so what we’re doing is, we are saying that folks who make more than 250 that that marginal amount above 250 – they’re gonna be taxed at a 39 instead of a 36% rate.”

The man says he’s a hard working plumber for 15 years – why should he be taxed more?

Obama says, “over the last 15 years, when you weren’t making 250, you would have been given a tax cut from me, so you’d actually have more money, which means you would have saved more, which means you would have gotten to the point where you could build your small business quicker than under the current tax code. So there are two ways of looking at it – I mean one way of looking at it is, now that you’ve become more successful through hard work – you don’t want to be taxed as much.”

The man says, “Exactly.”

Obama contined, “But another way of looking at it is, 95% of folks who are making less than 250, they may be working hard too, but they’re being taxed at a higher rate than they would be under mine. So what I’m doing is, put yourself back 10 years ago when you were only making whatever. 60 or 70. Under my tax plan you would be keeping more of your paycheck, you’d be paying lower taxes, which means you would have saved down to the point where you (inaudible). Now look, nobody likes high taxes. Of course not. But what’s happened is is that we end up – we’ve cut taxes a lot for folks like me who make a lot more than 250. We haven’t given a break to folks who make less, and as a consequence, the average wage and income for ordinary folks, the vast majority of Americans, has actually gone down over the last 8 years. So all I want to do is – I’ve got a tax cut. The only thing that changes is I’m gonna cut taxes a little bit more for the folks who are most in need and for the 5% of the folks who are doing very well  - even though they’ve been working hard and I appreciate that – I just want to make sure they’re paying a little bit more in order to pay for those other tax cuts. Now, I respect the disagreement. I just want you to be clear – it’s not that I want to punish your success – I just want to make sure that everybody who is behind you – that they’ve got a chance at success too.”

The man says it seems like Obama would be for a flat tax.

Obama says, “you know, I would be open to it except here’s the problem with a flat tax is that if you actually put a flat tax together, in order for it to work and replace all the rvenue that we’ve got, you’d probably end up having to make it like about a 40% sales tax. I mean that’s the value added, making it up. Now some people say 23 or 25, but in truth when you add up all the revenue that would need to be raised, you’d have to slap on a whole bunch of sales taxes on. And I do believe for folks like me who have worked hard, but frankly also been lucky, I don’t mind paying just a little bit more than the waitress that I just met over there who’s things are slow and she can barely make the rent. Because my attitude is that if the economy’s good for folks from the bottom up, it’s gonna be good for everybody. If you’ve got a plumbing business, you’re gonna be better off if you’re gonna be better off if you’ve got a whole bunch of customers who can afford to hire you, and right now everybody’s so pinched that business is bad for everybody **** and I think when you spread the wealth around, it’s good for everybody. **** But listen, I respect what you do and I respect your question, and even if I don’t get your vote, I’m still gonna be working hard on your behalf because small businesses are what creates jobs in this country and I want to encourage it.”

The crowd cheered and Obama added, “for small business people, I’m gonna eliminate the capital gains tax, so what it means is if your business succeeds and let’s say you take it from a $250,000 business to a $500,000 business, that capital gains that you get – we’re not gonna tax you on it because I want you to grow (inaudible). So you’re actually gonna get some, you may end up – I’d have to look your particular business, but you might end up paying lower taxes under my plan and my approach than under JSM’s (inaud). I couldn’t guarantee that, ‘cause I’d have to take a look at ---

The man says, “Oh yeah, I understand that.”

As Obama walks away he says, “I gotta get out of here. I’ve gotta go prepare for this debate, but that was pretty good practice right there!”

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